LOCAL COLUMN
OPINION: We built the wrong city in the desert
Temperatures top 100 degrees Fahrenheit in Albuquerque in June 2021.
On July 10, Albuquerque reached 100 degrees. Again. The triple-digit day used to be an event in Albuquerque — two or three a summer. Now it's a season, and every one lands hardest where the pavement is widest and the trees are fewest.
Compare Albuquerque and Tehran: a mile-high grid on a desert slope, a 5,000-foot snow-catching wall above it — the Sandias here, the Alborz there — a river valley, eight inches of rain in a good year. One city spent 2,500 years mastering that geography. We've spent 100 pretending we live in Ohio.
The mastery is ours by inheritance, and we drove away.
The ditch behind the North Valley fields is called an acequia. The word is Arabic — “as-sāqiya,” the water conduit — and it came here in 1598 by way of Spain, the Islamic world and Persia, where engineers were tunneling water under the desert while Rome was still a village. When Coronado arrived in 1540, the Tiwa pueblos had been irrigating this valley for centuries.
We sit on the deepest urban tradition on Earth — Puebloan, Moorish, Persian — and what did we build with it? Seven-lane arterials of black asphalt. Parking lots that hit 150 degrees. Bus stops where the poorest people in the city stand in full sun on benches too hot to touch. We built a city in the desert that is hotter than the desert. The mesa cools off at night. Our pavement doesn't. And the nights are warming faster than the days — the dangerous part, because a hot night is when the body never gets to recover.
Heat is now the deadliest weather in American cities, and it kills by ZIP code. Albuquerque's tree-canopy map matches its income map. The International District cooks while the Valley and the Foothills sit under trees. That is not a natural fact but a design decision, renewed every year we keep the codes that produced it.
And when the crisis gets our attention, we reach for the wrong lesson. Water is scarce, we say, so out go the trees along with the lawns, and in goes gravel — barren and still thirsty. The historic oasis was never wasteful; it was the most precise landscape humans ever made. The Saharan palm garden stacked three crops in the water budget of one. The oasis rule is not "spend water on green" but "wring shade out of every drop and put it where the people are." The lawn was the extravagance. The desert willow over the bus stop, drinking the street's runoff, is the discipline.
Our city should be an oasis, and anything less is malpractice. Every roof a catchment. Every parking lot shaded by solar canopies and trees fed from their own runoff. Every bus stop shaded, no exceptions. Every arterial a line of canopy instead of an auto arroyo, a heat trench. And the acequias defended fiercely — a water democracy older than the U.S., our last living link to the tradition that knew how to do this.
Albuquerque can become one. We can change our built landscape by reinvesting in neighborhoods built before 1980, built before 1960. Our zoning code is modern and obsolete at once; rewrite it.
None of this is exotic. It is a homecoming. The mountain is already there, catching snow. The river is already there, with its cottonwoods. The ditches are already there, with their Arabic name and four centuries of governance. We built a city that could be anywhere, only hotter.
Tehran remembers. Marrakech remembers. The ditch banks of the North Valley remember. Our zoning code forgot.
John Hooker is an architect who lives in Albuquerque.